PHOENIX ā As an Arizona bill to block people from using government aid to buy soda headed to the governorās desk in April, the nationās top health official joined Arizona lawmakers in the state Capitol to celebrate its passage.
Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said to applause that was just the start and that he wanted to for other unhealthy foods.
āWeāre not going to do that overnight,ā Kennedy said. āWeāre going to do that in the next four years.ā
Those words of caution proved prescient when Arizonaās Democratic governor, Katie Hobbs, vetoed the bill a week later. Nevertheless, state legislation to restrict what low-income people can buy using Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits is gaining momentum, boosted by Kennedyās touting it as part of his āā platform. At least 14 states have considered bills this year with similar SNAP restrictions on specific unhealthy foods such as candy, with Idaho and Utah passing such legislation as of mid-April.
Healthy food itself isnāt largely a partisan issue, and those who study nutrition tend to agree that reducing the amount of sugary food people eat is a good idea to avoid health consequences such as heart disease. But the question over the governmentās role in deciding who can buy what has become political.
The organization largely behind SNAP restriction legislation is the Foundation for Government Accountability, a conservative policy think tank out of Florida, and its affiliated , which has used the name .
FGA has worked for more than a decade to reshape the nationās public assistance programs. That includes SNAP, which federal data shows helps an average of afford food each month. It also advocates for ways to cut Medicaid, the federal-state program that connects to subsidized health care, including efforts in Idaho and Montana this year.
FGAās proposals often seek to limit who taps into that aid and the help they receive. Those backing the groupās mission say the goal is to save tax dollars and help people lift themselves out of poverty. Critics argue that FGAās proposals are a backdoor way to cut off aid to people who need it and that making healthy food and health care more affordable is a better fix.
Now, FGA sees more room for change under the Trump administration and the Kennedy-led health department, calling 2025 a āwindow of opportunity for major reform,ā according to its .
A Vision for Limiting Government Benefits
Tarren Bragdon, a former Maine legislator, in 2011 to promote policies to āfree millions from government dependency and open the doors for them to chase their own American Dream,ā he said in a statement on FGAās website. The main foundation as a staff of three with about $60,000 in the bank. As of 2023, it had a budget of more than $15 million and a team of roughly 64, according to the , and thatās not counting the lobbying arm.
The foundation got early funding from a grant from the , which has long backed right-leaning think tanks with ties to conservative activists including brothers Charles and David Koch.
FGA declined several interview requests for this article.
In recent years, the nonprofit a 2017 Mississippi law, the Jackson Free Press found, which intensified eligibility checks for public aid that for some applicants to qualify. It successfully pushed a 2023 effort in Idaho to for food benefits that health care advocates said led some recipients to lose access.
The same year, the group helped pass affecting eligibility in Iowa. Since those restrictions have taken effect, the has seen a record number of people show up at its pantries amid rising grocery prices and a scaling back of covid pandemic-era federal support, said Annette Hacker, a vice president at the nonprofit.
Part of the groupās strategy is to pass legislation state by state, with the idea that the crush of new laws will increase pressure on the federal government. For example, states canāt limit what food is purchased through SNAP without federal approval through a waiver process. And in the past, some of FGAās efforts have stalled because states never got that approval.
Kennedyās agenda now echoes some of FGAās key messages, and he has said states can expect approval of their waivers. Meanwhile, congressional leaders are eyeing nationwide Medicaid cuts and work requirements, which FGA considers among its . The foundation also has a connection working inside the administration: Its former policy director, Sam Adolphsen, was President Donald Trump on domestic matters.
āWe’re excited to fight from Topeka to Washington, D.C., as opposed to Washington, D.C., to Topeka,ā , FGAās state government affairs director, told Kansas lawmakers in February when testifying in support of SNAP legislation there.
Shaping State Policies
In the states, FGA has become known as a conservative āthought leader,ā said Brian Colby, vice president of public policy for , a progressive nonprofit that provides analysis of state policy issues.
āConservatives used to try to chop away at the federal budget,ā Colby said. āThese guys are doing it at the state level.ā
In its 14 years, FGA has created a playbook to shape state policy discussions around public benefits behind the scenes. In Montana, retired Republican legislator , who worked with FGA, said not all of the think tankās ideas split along party lines.
āThey offer a buffet of options,ā he said. āTheir agenda is making government accountable; itās in the name.ā
He said besides drafting legislation, FGA provides talking points and data to help policymakers support their arguments. āThey would go in and would say, āThis is what Medicaid fraud is costing us,āā Smith said. āThat would be the number you’d want to use in your bill.ā
In January, FGA released a memo for states to ā.ā In February, that Wyoming Republican state Rep. said the group asked him to sponsor a SNAP restriction bill. The state sponsor of similar legislation in Missouri has repeated at least one of FGAās talking points, as . In Arizona, Republican Rep. , who sponsored the SNAP legislation there, told Ńī¹óåś“«Ć½Ņīl Health News FGA was behind that bill as well.
Opponents of such bills argue the proposals are not as simple as they sound. Amid debate on a SNAP bill in Montana, Kiera Condon, with the , testified the legislation would force grocery store workers to sort through what counts as soda or candy, āwhich could result in retailers not participating in SNAP at all.ā
State lawmakers tabled the .
Montana legislators also easily passed a bill to extend the stateās Medicaid expansion program even after FGA began publishing a series of papers that asserted the Montanaās budget. FGA had presented data saying most Montanans on the program donāt work, which .
, who leads food aid strategies at the left-leaning Center on Budget and Policy Priorities think tank, said FGA has a pattern of proposing technical changes to existing laws and āunworkable work requirementsā that cause people to lose benefits.
After working with policymakers in Kansas for a decade, FGA helped pass legislation that limited how long people can access cash assistance, added work requirements to SNAP, and banned the state from spending federal or state funds to promote public aid. Many of those changes came through 2015 legislation known as the āHOPE Actā drafted by FGA, .
, an advocacy organization for low-income Kansans, found the SNAP caseload sharply declined after the bill was enacted because of the new hurdles, dropping from 140,000 households in January 2014 to 90,000 as of January 2020.
āItās death by a thousand cuts,ā said Karen Siebert, an , a community food bank network in Kansas and Missouri. āSome of these FGA proposals are such complex policies, itās hard to argue against and to explain the ripple effects.ā
In 2024, the foundation produced more than two dozen videos featuring state politicians from across the nation touting the organizationās goals and dozens of research papers arguing public benefits are wrecking state budgets. FGA also has its to produce data out of the states it’s working to influence.
The organization released a list of 14 states it places to exert more influence. That included Idaho, where the group has four registered lobbyists in the state Capitol.
In 2023, FGA and successfully lobby for legislation there to require people receiving food aid to work at least 80 hours a month. The organization called the resulting law ālandmark welfare reformā years in the making.
And this year, Idaho lawmakers passed more requirements for people enrolled in Medicaid who can work. FGA staffers worked with one of the co-sponsors of the legislation on a similar bill last year that failed, then again this year. A compromise bill passed with FGAās backing, marking another victory for the foundation.
David Lehman, a lobbyist for the , which represents health organizations that have opposed FGA bills, said Idaho illustrates how FGA works with sympathetic lawmakers in conservative states to gain more ground.
āTheyāre pushing an already rolling rock downhill,ā he said.
