For 17 years, Chalfonte LeNee Queen suffered periodic episodes of violent retching and abdominal pain that would knock her off her feet for days, sometimes leaving her writhing on the floor in pain.
鈥淚’ve screamed out for death,鈥 said Queen, 48, who lives in San Diego. 鈥淚’ve cried out for my mom who’s been dead for 20 years, mentally not realizing she can’t come to me.鈥
Queen lost a modeling job after being mistaken for an alcoholic. She racked up tens of thousands of dollars in medical bills, and her nausea interrupted her sex life. Toward the end of her illness, Queen, who stands 5-foot-9, weighed in at a frail 109 pounds.
Throughout the nearly two decades of pain, vomiting and mental fog, she visited the hospital about three times a year, but doctors never got to the bottom of what was ailing her. By 2016, she thought she was dying, that she 鈥渕ust have some sort of cancer or something they can’t detect,鈥 Queen said.
But she didn鈥檛 have cancer. She had an obscure syndrome called , a condition only recently acknowledged by the medical community. It affects a small population 鈥 namely, a subset of marijuana users who smoke multiple times a day for months, years or even decades.
There鈥檚 no hard data on the prevalence of the illness. But in California and Colorado, which have loosened marijuana laws in recent years, emergency physicians say they鈥檙e seeing it more often. One in Colorado suggests there may be a link.
Dr. Aimee Moulin, an emergency room physician at UC-Davis Medical Center in Sacramento, said she has seen a rise in the number of cases since California voters legalized recreational marijuana last November. She expects to see another increase after commercial sales are permitted starting this month.
Doctors say it鈥檚 difficult to treat the condition. There is no cure other than to quit using marijuana, and many patients are skeptical that cannabis is making them sick, so they keep using it and their vomiting episodes continue.
Doctors can do little to relieve the symptoms, since traditional anti-nausea medications often don鈥檛 work and there are no pills to prevent the onset of an episode. Patients may need intravenous hydration and hospital stays until the symptoms subside.
鈥淭hat’s really frustrating as an emergency physician,鈥 said Moulin. 鈥淚 really like to make people feel better.鈥
Diagnosing the syndrome can also be frustrating 鈥 and expensive. There is no blood test to link the stomach ailment with marijuana use, so physicians often order pricey聽CT scans and lab tests to rule out other medical problems.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome was in 2004. Physicians have historically misdiagnosed it as the more generic , which has no identifiable cause or, as in Queen鈥檚 case, .
鈥淔ive years ago, this wasn鈥檛 something that [doctors] had on their radar,鈥 said Dr. Kennon Heard, an emergency physician at the University of Colorado in Aurora, who co-authored the Colorado study showing a possible tie between the liberalization of marijuana and a surge of the vomiting illness. 鈥淲e鈥檙e at least making the diagnosis more now.鈥
One surefire sign of the illness is when patients find relief in hot showers and baths. Queen said she would vomit repeatedly unless she was in a hot shower 鈥 so she鈥檇 stay in there for hours. Toxicologists say the heat may distract the brain from pain receptors in the abdomen but, like the syndrome itself, that phenomenon is .
The exact cause of the condition is still a mystery. Toxicologists say the chemical compounds in marijuana may throw off the normal function of the body鈥檚 , which help regulate the nervous system.
Some people may be genetically predisposed to the syndrome, or marijuana鈥檚 potency or chemical makeup may have changed over time, said Dr. Craig Smollin, medical director of the San Francisco division of the California Poison Control System, who also works as an emergency physician at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital.
The vomiting link to cannabis is counterintuitive to many, because of its widely known reputation as an anti-nausea remedy for cancer patients.
Dr. John Coburn, an emergency physician at Kaiser Permanente in Sacramento, Calif., says his department sees the cannabis-related vomiting illness every day. (Pauline Bartolone/KHN)
鈥淎 lot of times, people just don鈥檛 believe you,鈥 said Dr. John Coburn, an emergency physician at Kaiser Permanente in south Sacramento. Even after being told that quitting may help, some patients will visit the hospital multiple times before they stop smoking marijuana, Coburn said. 鈥淚 can鈥檛 really tell you why. I mean, why do people ride motorcycles without helmets on?鈥 (Kaiser Health News is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.)
Cameron Nicole Beard, 19, of East Moline, Ill., said she struggled to believe her doctors about the link between pot and severe vomiting.
鈥淲ho wants to be told you can鈥檛 smoke marijuana, when you think marijuana can help?鈥 said Beard, while recovering from a marijuana-related vomiting episode at a University of Iowa hospital in Iowa City, Iowa, in October. She said she had lost 20 pounds in 10 days.
Although there鈥檚 still no magic cure for a patient鈥檚 marijuana-related hyperemesis, Moulin and other doctors say the symptoms, using old antipsychotic medications and cream for muscle aches.
Dr. Heard said the cases in Colorado seem to have leveled off. But without hard data, and because the overall numbers are small, it鈥檚 hard to say for sure. Heard said he doesn鈥檛 believe cases of the pot syndrome increased after recreational use was legalized in 2012, because chronic users probably already had medical marijuana cards.
Chalfonte LeNee Queen is still struggling to completely quit marijuana, but her symptoms are down to a dull stomachache. She smokes a couple of times a day, compared with her near-constant use in the past. She said it鈥檚 the only thing that works for her depression and anxiety.
Queen is back to a healthy weight and hasn鈥檛 been to the hospital in a year. She said she wouldn鈥檛 want to discourage anybody from smoking weed; she just wants people to know heavy use can bring them some serious misery.
鈥淣ow, if I get sick, as sad as I’ll be and as upset and disappointed with myself as I would be, at least it’s a freaking choice,鈥 she said.
This story was produced by聽, which publishes聽, an editorially independent service of the聽.
