Yurts, Igloos and Pop-Up Domes: How Safe Is 鈥極utside鈥� Restaurant Dining This Winter?
With the arrival of winter and the U.S. coronavirus outbreak in full swing, the restaurant industry聽鈥� looking at in 2020 鈥斅爄s clinging to techniques for sustaining outdoor dining even through the cold and vagaries of a U.S. winter.
Yurts, greenhouses, igloos, tents and all kinds of partly open outdoor structures have popped up at restaurants around the country. Owners have turned to these as a lifeline to help fill some tables by offering the possibility at least of a safer dining experience.
鈥淲e鈥檙e trying to do everything we can to expand the outdoor dining season for as long as possible,鈥� said 聽with the National Restaurant Association.
Dire times have forced the industry to find ways to survive. Whatley said more than 100,000 restaurants are either 鈥渃ompletely closed or not open for business in any capacity.鈥�
鈥淚t鈥檚 going to be a hard and tough winter,鈥� Whatley said. 鈥淎s you see outdoor dining not being feasible from a cold-weather perspective or, unfortunately, from a government regulations perspective, you are going to see more operators going out of business.鈥�
In recent months, many cities and states have imposed a聽聽on indoor dining, given the high risk of spreading the virus in these crowded settings.
Many have capped occupancy for dine-in restaurants. Some halted indoor dining altogether, including聽听补苍诲听. Others have gone even further.聽听补苍诲听聽have halted indoor and outdoor dining. Only carryout is allowed.
Those who can serve customers outdoors, on patios or sidewalks, are coming up with creative adaptations that can make dining possible in the frigid depths of winter.
Embrace the 鈥榊urtiness鈥�
Washington state shut down indoor dining in mid-November and has kept that ban in place as coronavirus cases continue to surge.
On a blustery December evening, servers at the high-end Seattle restaurant聽 huddled together in the parking lot, clad in flannel and puffy vests, while their boss Mark Canlis gave a pep talk ahead of a busy night.
鈥淭he hospitality out here is exactly the same as it is in there,鈥� Canlis said, gesturing to his restaurant, which overlooks Lake Union. 鈥淏ut that looks really different, so try to invite them into the 鈥榶urtiness鈥� of what we are doing.鈥�
Canlis has erected an elaborate yurt village in the parking lot next to his family鈥檚 storied restaurant.
It includes an outdoor fireplace and wood-paneled walkways winding between small pine trees and the circular tents. The assemblage of yurts, with their open window flaps, is the Canlis family鈥檚 best effort to keep fine dining alive during the pandemic and a typically long and wet Seattle winter ( to locally as the 鈥淏ig Dark鈥�).
Arriving guests are greeted with a forehead thermometer to take their temperature and a cup of hot cider.
鈥淚t gives us an excuse to think differently,鈥� Canlis said of the outdoor dining restrictions.
The yurts are meant to shield diners from the elements and from infectious airborne particles that might otherwise spread from table to table.
Dining inside such structures is not risk free: Guests could still catch the virus from a dining companion as they sit near each other, without masks, for a prolonged period. But Canlis said there is no easy way to determine whether every member of a dining group is from the same household.
鈥淚鈥檓 not the governor or the CDC,鈥� he said. 鈥淚鈥檓 assuming if you are there at the table, you鈥檙e taking your health into your own hands.鈥�
New for outdoor dining structures in Washington require Canlis to consider issues such as how to ventilate the yurts properly and sanitize the expensive furniture.
鈥淲hat is the square inch of yurt volume space? What is the size of the door and the windows? How many minutes will we allow the yurt to 鈥榖reathe?鈥欌�� Canlis said.
The structures get cleaned after each dining party finishes a meal and leaves; during the meal service the waiters enter and leave quickly, wearing N95 masks.
Tim Baker, owner of Seattle鈥檚 San Fermo, holds a hot air cannon he uses inside the dining igloos ahead of each seating. After a thorough ventilation, the device warms up the interior, he says, and also helps disperse any lingering infectious particles. (Will Stone)
Igloos, Domes, Tents: Just How Safe Are They?
Another, more modern-looking take on outdoor dining involves transparent igloos and other domelike structures that have become popular with restaurant owners all over the country.
Tim Baker, who owns the Italian restaurant聽 in Seattle, had to order his igloos from Lithuania and assemble them with the help of his son.
His restaurant鈥檚 policy is that only two people are allowed in an igloo at a time, to cut down on the risk of those from different households gathering together.
鈥淵ou鈥檙e completely enclosed in your own space with somebody in your own household. These domes protect you from all the people walking by on the sidewalk, and the server doesn鈥檛 go in with you,鈥� he said.
Baker said he consulted with experts in airflow and decided to use an industrial hot air cannon after each party of diners leaves the igloo and before the next set enters 鈥� aiming to clear the air inside the structure of any lingering infectious particles.
鈥淵ou fire this cannon up, and it just pushes the air through really aggressively,鈥� quickly dispersing the particles, Baker said.
His restaurant鈥檚 igloos have become a big attraction.
鈥淚鈥檓 particularly proud of anything that we can do to get people excited right now, because we need it,鈥� he said. 鈥淲e鈥檙e all getting crushed by this emotionally.鈥�
Not all outdoor dining structures are created equally, said , an air quality expert and dean of engineering and computer science at Portland State University in Oregon.
鈥淭here鈥檚 a wide spectrum,鈥� Corsi said. 鈥淭he safest that we鈥檙e talking about is no walls 鈥� a roof. And then the worst is fully enclosed 鈥� which is essentially an indoor tent 鈥� especially if it doesn鈥檛 have really good ventilation and good physical distancing.鈥�
In fact, Corsi said, some outdoor dining structures that are enclosed and have lots of tables near each other end up being more dangerous than being indoors, because the ventilation is worse.
Dining that is truly outdoors, with no temporary shelter at all, is much safer because there are 鈥渉igher air speeds, more dispersion and more mixing than indoors,鈥� Corsi said, which means respiratory droplets harboring the virus don鈥檛 accumulate and are less concentrated when people are close to one another.
鈥淚f they have heaters, then you鈥檙e going to actually have pretty good ventilation,鈥� Corsi said. 鈥淭he air will rise up when it鈥檚 heated, and then cool air will come in.鈥�
He said private 鈥減ods鈥� or 鈥渄omes鈥� can be fairly safe if they are properly ventilated and cleaned between diners. That also assumes that everyone eating inside the structure lives together, so they have already been exposed to one another鈥檚 germs.
But Corsi said he is still not going out for a meal in one of the many new outdoor dining creations 鈥� 鈥渆ven though I know they鈥檝e got a much lower risk鈥� of spreading covid-19 than most indoor alternatives.
This story comes from NPR鈥檚 health reporting partnership with聽Kaiser Health News.